Question

Which statement best describes functionalism?

(a) Functionalism is a theory in sociology that argues that society is like a living organism, with each part working together to maintain the whole.
(b) Functionalism is a theory in psychology that argues that human behavior is motivated by the need to reduce tension and achieve a state of equilibrium.
(c) Functionalism is a theory in biology that argues that the structure and function of an organism are adapted to its environment.
(d) Functionalism is a theory in economics that argues that the economy is a self-regulating system that tends to return to equilibrium after a shock.

Answer 1

Functionalism is a sociology theory likening society to a living organism where each part, such as government, education, and family, works to maintain the society. Herbert Spencer played a key role in developing this theory, emphasizing the interdependence of societal parts.

Step-by-step explanation:

The statement that best describes functionalism is (a) Functionalism is a theory in sociology that argues that society is like a living organism, with each part working together to maintain the whole. This comparison to a living organism is drawn from the works of English philosopher Herbert Spencer, who likened the interdependent parts of society to the organs of a body, each fulfilling essential functions to keep the society functioning. Social institutions like government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy are viewed as these integral components that meet both biological and social needs of individuals in society.

Functionalists believe that each aspect of society serves a specific function to maintain the social system, and this concept includes the understanding of social stratification, which allocates power to motivate talented individuals to work towards the betterment of the whole society.