Final answer:
The buffer capacity of a solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. It is a measure of how well the buffer can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Step-by-step explanation:
The buffer capacity of a solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which is given by:
pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
The buffer capacity is represented by the slope of the pH versus volume graph during the buffering region. It is a measure of how well the buffer can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
To calculate the buffer capacity, you need to know the molar concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base in the solution, as well as the pKa, which is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant.