Final answer:
The atomic number of a neutral atom with the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶6s²3p⁵4s²4p¹ is 31, which corresponds to the element Gallium (Ga).
Step-by-step explanation:
The atomic number of a neutral atom with an electron configuration of 1s²2s²2p⁶6s²3p⁵4s²4p¹ can be determined by adding up the total number of electrons, which is also equal to the number of protons for a neutral atom. The electron configuration provided corresponds to the electron configuration of the element Gallium (Ga), which has an atomic number of 31. Here is the breakdown: 1s² (2) + 2s² (2) + 2p⁶ (6) + 3s² (2) + 3p⁵ (5) + 4s² (2) + 4p¹ (1) = a total of 31 electrons, and thus Gallium has an atomic number of 31.