Final answer:
The main idea found in the text is that the Roman Empire collapsed in 476 CE. The text also provides examples of how the author illustrates what the Dark Ages were like, including hardships faced by people and contrasting this period with later periods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main idea found in the text is that the Roman Empire collapsed in 476 CE. This is supported by the statement in the text that the political unity of the Roman Empire was shattered by the end of the fifth century CE. The text also mentions that the fall of Rome is one of the most iconic events in the history of the western world and has been a topic of debate among historians.
In regards to how the author illustrates what the Dark Ages were like, the text provides several examples. The author describes the hardships people faced during this period, such as political and military discord, fear of marauding pillagers, and the submission to powerful lords for protection. The author also contrasts this period of history with later periods and questions whether or not this period deserved the name 'Dark Ages.' However, the text does not make an argument that the Dark Ages are not worthwhile to study.