Final answer:
King David of Israel is most famous for killing a Philistine giant with a slingshot, establishing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and strengthening the kingdom. His rule represents a golden age for the Hebrews, and evidence like the Tel Dan stele supports his historical existence. David's legacy also includes cultural contributions through Psalms and as an idealized ruler in art.
Step-by-step explanation:
King David of Israel
King David of Israel is famous for several achievements, but the most well-known is that he killed a Philistine giant with a single slingshot. This act against Goliath is a classic story found in the Bible, symbolizing David's courage and God's favor. David, having served as a lieutenant under King Saul, succeeded him to become the second king of Israel around 1010 BCE. Not only did he lead effectively, but he also established a capital in Jerusalem, created a centralized army and bureaucracy, and suppressed surrounding kingdoms, including defeating the Philistines.
David's reign marked the beginning of a golden age for the Hebrews, as he organized the kingdom assigning Jerusalem as the spiritual and political center by establishing a shrine to Yahweh. It is important to note that David is also attributed to have authored many Psalms, thereby greatly influencing the religious and cultural life of Israel. Moreover, the Tel Dan stele's archaeological discovery provides evidence of his historical existence mentioning the 'house of David.' David's legacy was not solely based on his military conquests and administrative reforms, but also on his portrayal as a model king and musician in various works of art throughout history.
King David's son, Solomon, continued David's work, overseeing the wealth and expansion of the kingdom, but after Solomon's death, high taxation and labor demands led to the division of the kingdom. David's dynasty and the united monarchy period they represent are significant to the history of Israel and the broader region.