Question

What was the program of mass protests that held events in St. Louis, Chicago, and New York in 1941?

1) Executive Order 8802
2) March on Washington Movement
3) Nationalism Movement
4) Executive Order 9346

Answer 1

Option (2), The mass protest events in 1941, including in St. Louis, Chicago, and New York, were part of the March on Washington Movement, led by A. Philip Randolph, resulting in Executive Order 8802 that banned racial discrimination in defense industry employment.

Step-by-step explanation:

The program of mass protests that held events in St. Louis, Chicago, and New York in 1941 was the March on Washington Movement. The motivation behind this movement was to combat workplace discrimination in industries engaged in defense production and to highlight the United States' failure to uphold its principles of equality in terms of employment.

Black labor leader A. Philip Randolph played a pivotal role in orchestrating the march and it ultimately led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802, which prohibited racial discrimination in defense industry employment and created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) to enforce this policy.

It's important to note that while the order, and hence the March on Washington Movement, marked a significant step towards civil rights, the struggle for equality required persistent efforts, including subsequent marches and protests like the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, remembered for Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.