Final answer:
The U.S. engaged in imperialism to expand its military, political, and economic influence, spurred by the growth of European empires and the Spanish-American War. U.S. actions in places like Panama, Philippines, and Hawaii were motivated by strategic and commercial interests, with contentious debates over their justification and the benefits for both the U.S. and the territories involved.
Step-by-step explanation:
Motivations Behind U.S. Imperialism
The United States became involved in imperialism by the late 19th century, influenced by the desire to expand its political, economic, and military control over other nations. This was in part to keep pace with other global powers at the time which were extending their empires across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. The victory over Spain in the Spanish-American War symbolized America's emergence as a colonial power, obtaining territories like the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
U.S. Actions in Panama, Philippines, and Hawaii
In Panama, the United States had an interest in building a canal to enhance its military and shipping capabilities. The annexation of Hawaii served as both a military outpost and a stopover for ships heading to Asia. The acquisition of the Philippines was viewed as a stepping stone to trade with China and to exert military influence in Asia.
Justification and Benefits
Proponents of American expansion, like William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt, argued that American governance would benefit the colonies until they were ready for independence. However, anti-imperialists pointed out the moral contradictions and civil casualties, questioning whether the actions were justified. The benefits of American control included strategic military positioning and advantages in commerce, but the preference of some colonies for independence highlighted the complexities of these relationships.