Final answer:
Replication creates identical DNA molecules, transcription makes RNA from DNA, and translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA. Transcription doesn't require a primer and includes a step of RNA processing in eukaryotes. Translation is energy-consuming and follows the genetic code.
Step-by-step explanation:
Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce identical daughter DNA molecules. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, where an RNA polymerase uses DNA to synthesize a complementary RNA strand. Here, uracil is incorporated instead of thymine. Unlike replication, transcription starts without a primer. Translation involves converting the genetic message from mRNA into a protein through a sequence of initiation, elongation, and termination. It starts with the ribosome binding to mRNA, continues with tRNAs bringing amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons, and ends with a completed protein when a stop codon is reached.
Eukaryotic transcription is more complex than in prokaryotes and includes additional steps like RNA processing before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus. During translation, energy-demanding enzymatic processes enable the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides to form proteins, reflecting the genetic code.