Final answer:
Examples of natural selection include the evolution of the peppered moth, human birth weight, and beak shape variation in Galápagos finches.
Step-by-step explanation:
Natural selection is a process in which organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, resulting in those traits becoming more common in a population over time. Here are some examples of natural selection:
- Directional selection: The evolution of the peppered moth in England, where the light-colored moths became easier for predatory birds to spot after the Industrial Revolution, leading to a higher survival rate for the dark-colored moths.
- Stabilizing selection: The human birth weight, where babies with very low or very high birth weights have higher mortality rates compared to babies with average birth weights.
- Disruptive selection: The beak shape variation in Galápagos finches, where small-billed birds had an advantage during a period of abundant small soft seeds and large-billed birds had an advantage when large hard seeds were more abundant.