Final answer:
False, The claim that Jacksonville is the oldest permanent establishment in Florida is false. St. Augustine holds that title as the oldest continuously-settled European settlement in the United States, founded in 1565 by Spanish colonists.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Jacksonville is the oldest permanent establishment in Florida is false. In fact, St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest town in the United States, which was founded by Spanish colonists in 1565.
This makes it the oldest continuously-settled European settlement in the continental United States, predating the English colony in Jamestown by around 40 years.
The settlement of St. Augustine was successful, in part, because of the relationship the Spaniards cultivated with the local Timucua Indians.
When visiting St. Augustine, one can still see the impact of Spanish people on the landscape, including the massive Presidio (fort) and several dozen well-preserved colonial homes that feature Spanish-American folk dwelling designs.