Final answer:
Modernist techniques primarily include 2) fragmentation and 4) stream-of-consciousness, showcasing the movement's innovative approach to storytelling and character representation, which emphasized psychological depth and challenged traditional norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The techniques commonly associated with Modernism include fragmentation, stream-of-consciousness, and attempting new ways of storytelling. These techniques reflect the Modernist movement's trend of rejecting prior norms in literature and the arts, thus presenting unconventional representations of characters. Modernists aimed to 'make it new' through innovation and experimenting with narrative techniques. They emphasized the inner life and perceptions of their characters more than the traditional plot-driven narratives. This is evident in the works of notable authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, who focused significantly on characters' stream-of-consciousness to provide deeper psychological insights.
Fragmentation in Modernist literature refers to the breakdown of narrative continuity, disrupting the linear progression of the story and challenging readers to piece together the text. Modernist writers often narrated their stories in ways that were non-linear, disjointed, and featured multiple perspectives. Stream-of-consciousness is a narrative technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur, often in an uninterrupted flow, giving an intimate and direct sense of the character's inner life.
These elements contrast with the conventional representation of characters and the straightforward storytelling of prior literary traditions, which were not primary characteristics of the Modernist technique.