Final answer:
The Gutenberg press influenced the Reformation primarily by enabling mass production of written materials, spreading Martin Luther's 95 Theses, and making the Bible accessible to average citizens. These impacts fostered the spread and acceptance of Reformation ideas by challenging the Catholic Church's authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Gutenberg press had a significant effect on the Reformation in multiple ways. Firstly, it mass-produced written materials, which led to an increase in literacy and made books more accessible to the public. As a result, the Bible and other texts critical of the Church could be spread widely, fostering an environment where the ideas of reformers could flourish.
In terms of the specific options provided, the correct influences of the Gutenberg press on the Reformation are:
- It gave people the ability to mass-produce written materials.
- The 95 Theses were printed and widely distributed, which was a fundamental document by Martin Luther outlining his disagreements with the Catholic Church.
- Average citizens were given unprecedented access to the Christian Bible, which allowed them to interpret the scriptures for themselves and contributed to the rise of varying Christian beliefs.
While early reformers certainly used the press to spread their messages, they were not pro-Catholic, but rather critical of the Catholic Church. Jan Hus predates the invention of the press, and while similar in spirit, his work was not spread through the printing press. The Gutenberg press significantly aided in spreading Reformation ideas and translated versions of the Bible, which were central in challenging the Catholic Church's authority and practices.