Final answer:
Among the options for a new power plant, using geothermal energy is the only one that utilizes renewable energy. Geothermal plants can provide a clean and sustainable energy source if the town is located on a geological hotspot.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked pertains to the evaluation of different energy options for a new power plant in terms of using renewable energy. Renewable energy is characterized by its ability to replenish naturally at a rate comparable to its usage. Among the options presented, building a geothermal plant is the one that utilizes renewable energy.
Geothermal energy is sourced from the earth's inherent thermal energy. It is a clean, sustainable resource since it leverages the consistent heat emanating from the earth's core. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal and oil, geothermal energy does not involve burning materials and thus drastically reduces carbon emissions. In addition, it is not subject to the variabilities of weather-dependent renewable sources like solar or wind energy, making it a reliable power supply.
However, it's important to note that the practicality of a geothermal plant is dependent on the geological characteristics of the region. While geothermal energy is relatively abundant, it is most effectively harnessed in locations with significant geothermal activity. If the town is fortunate to be at such a geological hotspot, a geothermal plant could be economically feasible and highly beneficial in terms of environmental impact and sustainability.
On the other hand, options involving coal, oil, and purchasing surplus electricity from a natural gas power plant are not renewable. Coal and oil are fossil fuels with significant environmental drawbacks, such as high carbon emissions and the possibility of hazardous spills during extraction and transportation. Natural gas, though cleaner than coal and oil, is still a non-renewable fossil fuel.
In conclusion, within the context of the available choices, a geothermal plant presents an opportunity to harness renewable energy, provided that the town's geology supports it. It offers environmental advantages and the prospect of a sustainable energy supply for the future.