Final answer:
Rwanda is known as The Land of a Thousand Hills, reflecting its hilly terrain and scenic beauty. It is associated with both East and Central Africa due to its geography and border dynamics with the Congo.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rwanda is known as The Land of a Thousand Hills. This nickname is a testament to the country's lush and hilly landscape. The other options provided: The Pearl of Africa refers to Uganda, a term famously attributed to Winston Churchill in his 1908 book 'My African Journey' due to its vast biodiversity and natural beauty; The Land of Lakes could be attributed to several countries with prominent lakes within Africa, but not specifically to Rwanda; The Spice Island historically refers to parts of Indonesia and sometimes to Zanzibar.
Rwanda's physical geography is largely defined by rolling hills and highlands, and it borders the Great Rift Valley to the west. Within the valley, the Rwenzori Range and other highlands contain active volcanoes. The Rwenzori Range is often noted for its impressive elevations and is located near Rwanda. The region's volatile volcanic activity notably impacted the nearby Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2002 when Mount Nyiragongo erupted.
While Rwanda and Burundi are geographically in East Africa, they are often associated with Central Africa due to their border activities with the Congo. The interactions and shared history with neighboring countries reflect the complex mosaic of Africa's geographical and political landscapes.