Final Answer:
a. peninsula - 1) A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
b. bard - 2) A poet who sings or recites poems
c. colony - 3) A group of people who settle in a new territory but are still ruled by the government of their native land
d. polis - 4) A city-state in ancient Greece
e. agora - 5) A public open space used for assemblies and markets
f. phalanx - 6) A formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
g. tyrant - 7) A ruler who seized power by force and ruled with total authority
h. oligarchy - 8) A government in which only a few people have power
i. democracy - 9) A government in which power is held by the people, who exercise it directly
j. helot - 10) A member of a certain class of servants in ancient Sparta
k. ephor - 11) One of the five men elected each year in ancient Sparta who were responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens
l. satrapy - 12) The territory governed by an official known as a satrap
m. satrap - 13) A governor of a province in ancient Persia
n. Zoroastrianism - 14) A religion founded by the Persian prophet Zoroaster
o. direct democracy - 15) A form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly
p. representative democracy - 16) A form of democracy in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf
q. philosopher - 17) A person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline
Step-by-step explanation:
a. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides, often connected to a larger landmass by a narrow neck.
b. A bard is a poet who sings or recites poems, often associated with oral traditions and storytelling.
c. A colony is a group of people who settle in a new territory but are still ruled by the government of their native land.
d. A polis is a city-state in ancient Greece, serving as the fundamental political unit.
e. An agora is a public open space used for assemblies and markets in ancient Greek city-states.
f. A phalanx is a formation of heavily armed foot soldiers, commonly used in ancient Greek warfare.
g. A tyrant is a ruler who seized power by force and ruled with total authority.
h. Oligarchy is a government in which only a few people have power.
i. Democracy is a government in which power is held by the people, who exercise it directly.
j. A helot is a member of a certain class of servants in ancient Sparta.
k. An ephor is one of the five men elected each year in ancient Sparta responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens.
l. A satrapy is the territory governed by an official known as a satrap in the Persian Empire.
m. A satrap is a governor of a province in ancient Persia.
n. Zoroastrianism is a religion founded by the Persian prophet Zoroaster.
o. Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly.
p. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
q. A philosopher is a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.