Final answer:
Basalt is the correct answer as it forms from the cooling of slow-moving, cooler lava from a quiet eruption, resulting in rough, chunky igneous rock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best word from the list that fits the definition of a quiet eruption producing slow moving, cooler lava that hardens into rough chunks is basalt. Basaltic lava is an igneous rock that is typically dark-colored and fine-grained, commonly formed from the cooling of basaltic lava flows. These flows emanate from quiet eruptions and can move quickly over great distances. When basaltic lava cools, it may form a rough, chunky surface due to the rapid solidification process.
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's oceanic crust and is also found on other planets with volcanic activity. Since basalt is extrusive and cools relatively quickly on the Earth's surface, it generally contains small, fine mineral grains, making it look dull without much sparkle.