Final answer:
The actual carrying out of foreign policy may fail to achieve its intended goals due to a range of complexities including the lack of enforceability when signatory nations don't follow through, disregard for other countries' interests, limited diplomatic negotiations, or non-compliance with international norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The actual carrying out or implementation of foreign policy may fail to "achieve its intended goals" for several reasons. When signatory nations do not follow through with their good intentions, whether it is due to the absence of a governing body to enforce international environmental protection or other reasons, the efficacy of foreign policy can suffer. Without enforcement, there is little to ensure that the objectives of these policies will be realized.
Furthermore, foreign policy failure may occur when there is a lack of consideration for the interests of other countries, insufficient involvement in diplomatic negotiations, or disregard for international laws and norms. Establishing and upholding foreign policy involves numerous complexities, including the need to balance national interests with global concerns and the various actors involved in foreign policy implementation, like Congress and the President in the United States.
As noted in the context of U.S. foreign policy, sharply focused outputs like military action can be rapid but may face controversy, while broadly focused outputs like treaties have more lasting impacts but are more challenging to establish and reverse. This illustrates the wide-ranging nature of foreign policy instruments and the difficulties in implementation that can lead to failures in achieving intended goals.