Final answer:
Otto von Bismarck's nationalism speech was influenced by the rise of Prussian militarism, strategic wars that led to the unification of Germany, and the growing sense of nationalism in Europe that sought to unify German-speaking populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historical Circumstances Leading to Otto von Bismarck's Nationalism Speech
The rise of Prussian militarism under Otto von Bismarck and the ensuing wars were crucial historical circumstances that led to his nationalism speech.
Bismarck's Realpolitik, aimed at strengthening Prussian power, led to a series of conflicts including those against Denmark, Austria, and France, which united various German states under Prussian leadership.
His manipulation of nationalist sentiments to garner support for these wars, along with the acquisition of territories such as Schleswig, Holstein, and Alsace-Lorraine, reinvigorated the unification movement. This unification was formalized with the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871, for which Bismarck served as Imperial Chancellor.
Within Europe, the influence of nationalist movements was growing strongly after the Napoleonic Wars. In Germany, nationalism became associated with ethnic identity, aiming to unite all German-speaking regions. This was in contrast to countries like France, where nationalism did not strictly adhere to ethnic lines.
The Franco-Prussian War further heightened German nationalism, leading to the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine and aggravating tensions with France, which subsequently influenced other European nations' alliances and diplomatic relations.