Final answer:
The given equations allow for the calculation of the momentum and magnitude of speed of an object, which depends on the object's mass and velocity. Momentum conservation and Newton's second law are key concepts involved.
Step-by-step explanation:
When referring to the equation representing the conservation of momentum in a particular direction, and solving for vector quantities such as velocity, you can calculate the magnitude of speed and the momentum of an object. To find the momentum, you need to know the mass and the velocity of the object. According to Newton's second law expressed in terms of momentum, the change in momentum is equal to the force applied over time.
Here's an example to deepen your understanding: To calculate the momentum of a 2000-kg elephant charging at a speed of 7.50 m/s, you multiply the mass by the velocity, giving a momentum of 15,000 kg·m/s. Comparing this with a tranquilizer dart of mass 0.0400 kg and velocity 600 m/s (producing a momentum of 24 kg·m/s) provides perspective on how mass and velocity contribute to the different momenta of two objects.