Final answer:
According to the Bohr effect, hemoglobin releases bound oxygen when carbon dioxide levels or the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increase, both of which lower the blood's pH.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Bohr effect delineates how blood pH and carbon dioxide levels modulate hemoglobin's oxygen affinity. Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood stimulate increased hydrogen ion production, lowering blood pH and facilitating the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Concurrently, a heightened concentration of hydrogen ions (acidic environment) further promotes the liberation of oxygen from hemoglobin.
Therefore, the scenarios aligning with the Bohr effect and leading to the release of bound oxygen from hemoglobin include:
(b) Carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.
(c) The concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increases.
These conditions exemplify the Bohr effect's pivotal role in regulating oxygen release in response to physiological changes, ensuring an efficient exchange of oxygen between hemoglobin and tissues in response to varying metabolic demands.