Question

As intermolecular forces increase, what happens to each of the following: boiling point, freezing point, viscosity, vapor pressure, surface tension, heat of vaporization, and enthalpy of fusion?

Answer 1

As intermolecular forces increase, boiling and freezing points go up, viscosity and surface tension increase, vapor pressure decreases, and the heat of vaporization and enthalpy of fusion increase.

Step-by-step explanation:

As intermolecular forces increase, there is a significant impact on various properties of substances:

• The boiling point of a substance increases because higher energy is required for the molecules to overcome the attractive forces.
• The freezing point also increases, as molecules must lose additional energy to join the solid structure.
• Viscosity increases because the molecules move past each other more slowly due to stronger attractions.
• The vapor pressure decreases as fewer molecules have the energy to escape into the vapor phase.
• Surface tension increases as molecules at the surface are pulled inwards more strongly.
• The heat of vaporization increases due to the larger amount of energy needed to turn the liquid into gas.
• The enthalpy of fusion increases because of the higher energy requirement to change from solid to liquid.