Final answer:
The 1905 revolution was caused by a mix of socio-political issues and military failures, prompting Tsar Nicholas II to pursue industrialization and social reforms such as the creation of the Duma.
Step-by-step explanation:
The revolution of 1905 was caused by several factors, including long-standing problems such as a stagnant bureaucracy, social and political unrest fueled by the emergence of liberal ideologies, and the national discontent in the wake of military disasters.
Tsar Nicholas II realized that Russia's economic backwardness was a problem that needed to be remedied. To achieve that end, the czar introduced reforms to industrialize, focusing on the development of railroads and investment in transportation. In addition, he attempted to alleviate social unrest by allowing the creation of the Duma, although this did not lead to a genuine sharing of power.