Final answer:
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences claims individuals have eight or nine different intelligences based on extensive research across various disciplines which makes the statement true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement in question refers to Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which does indeed assert that individuals possess a variety of different intelligences. This theory was developed based on a breadth of research and literature in the areas of the brain, evolution, genetics, psychology, and anthropology. Gardner identified eight specific intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Additionally, there is some discussion of a ninth intelligence called existential intelligence, although it is less commonly referenced.
Despite its popularity, particularly in the field of education, Gardner's theory has been criticized by some cognitive psychologists for a lack of empirical evidence. Nonetheless, the theory is appealing in democratic societies because it suggests that everyone has the potential to be 'smart' in some area, as noted by Gottfredson (2004). Conversely, emotional intelligence, which sometimes combines inter- and intrapersonal intelligences as per Gardner's theory, has been proposed as a key factor in personal and professional success beyond traditional measures like IQ. In conclusion, Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which asserts there are eight or nine intelligences based on wide-ranging research including studies on brain-damaged individuals, is indeed rooted in extensive literature in the areas of the brain, evolution, genetics, psychology, and anthropology. This point aligns with the true aspect of the True or False question posed by the student.