Final answer:
The correct answer to the student's question is 'd) Organizing and Planning', as these are classic functions of management that are directly influenced by the actions and decisions of managers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phases of modern organization that are influenced by managers include both planning and controlling as well as leading and organizing. Managers are fundamentally involved in all aspects of managing an organization. This encompasses the following:
- Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve those objectives.
- Organizing involves assembling and coordinating the resources needed to implement the plan.
- Leading involves motivating and directing the people who work in the organization.
- Controlling involves monitoring performance and making necessary adjustments to plans and implementation.