Final answer:
Mental alertness typically occurs first during cocaine intoxication because of increased dopamine levels. Psychological dependence refers to the craving that follows as the initial euphoric effects wear off, leading to further drug-seeking behavior. As tolerance builds, increased use can result in dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an individual experiences cocaine intoxication, the occurrence of mental alertness typically comes first. This initial effect is due to cocaine's action as a stimulant that increases levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in the brain, particularly in the pleasure centers. Over time, this can lead to addiction and dependence on the substance.
Regarding the concepts of dependence and addiction, psychological dependence refers to the drug craving that occurs when someone has become mentally reliant on a substance to function or feel normal. In the case of cocaine, after initial euphoria and the increase in mental alertness, individuals may develop a craving for the drug as the pleasurable effects diminish and their brain chemistry seeks to regain the drug-induced high.
Tolerance occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug to experience the same effects. This often leads to increased drug use and can quickly escalate into a cycle of dependence and addiction. When cocaine users stop taking the drug after chronic use, they may experience withdrawal symptoms, including depression, decreased ability to feel pleasure, and fatigue, indicative of their psychological and/or physical dependence on cocaine.