Final answer:
The shrinkage of the hippocampus(option D) and the overall reduction in brain size are two significant changes in brain structure related to AD. These changes lead to cognitive decline and a variety of other symptoms as the disease progresses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two changes in brain structure that are related to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are d. Shrinkage of the hippocampus and a reduction in the overall size of the brain, particularly in the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus is crucial for learning and memory, and as AD progresses, it shrinks due to the death of neurons. This atrophy contributes to the memory problems and cognitive decline seen in AD. The extensive neurodegeneration seen in AD affects multiple brain areas, leading to a variety of symptoms including difficulties in language, planning, and emotional regulation.
As AD progresses, damage spreads further across the cerebrum, significantly impairing areas like the frontal lobe that control executive functions. These changes in brain structure can be observed post-mortem, the neurodegeneration within the hippocampus and ventricles when compared to a normal brain.