Final answer:
Withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, and autonomic dysfunction can last up to one week after discontinuing alcohol use, as the body adjusts to the lack of alcohol's inhibitory effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Upon withdrawal from alcohol, symptoms of anxiety, insomnia & autonomic dysfunction can persist for up to d) 1 week. Chronic exposure to alcohol leads to adaptations in the reward circuitry of the brain, and when alcohol consumption is discontinued, withdrawal effects such as tremors, seizures, insomnia, and confusion can occur. These effects are part of the body's readjustment to the absence of alcohol's inhibitory effects and the unbalanced increase in glutamatergic activity that may lead to toxicity and cell death.