Final answer:
The nucleotide sequence of a gene is translated into a peptide sequence through transcription and translation, where mRNA carries genetic instructions and ribosomes assemble amino acids in correct order as dictated by the genetic code.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conversion of the nucleotide sequence of a gene into the correct peptide sequence that makes a protein is enabled by the processes of transcription and translation. During transcription, the genetic information stored in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic instructions to the ribosome, where translation occurs. The ribosome reads the mRNA template and assembles amino acids in the correct order to form a protein based on the sequence of nucleotides.
Each three-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid, as per the genetic code. This precise translation of nucleotide triplets into amino acids leads to the synthesis of proteins with unique structures and functions essential for life.