Final answer:
The behavioral approach to management assumes that employees are inherently motivated and seek fulfillment in their work, counter to Theory X which suggests a need for strict control and hierarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behavioral (or human resource) approach to management basically assumes that people are not merely economic resources to be used in the pursuit of productivity, but are complex and valuable elements of an organization who seek satisfaction in their work. This approach is contrary to Theory X, which implies that people should be controlled through a rigid hierarchy, with managers believing that employees inherently dislike work and must be coerced into performing.
Instead, the human resource approach aligns more closely with Theory Y, which suggests that employees are naturally motivated and productive, and that they achieve their best work when they are given responsibility, opportunities for growth, and the freedom to work creatively and collaboratively. A supportive work environment which allows for telecommuting and work-life balance is more characteristic of this theory. Furthermore, the behavioral perspective emphasizes ongoing investment in human capital, including thoughtful hiring, training, and development to nurture an individual's strengths.