Final answer:
The statement that does not set the Fauvists apart from their 19th-century predecessors is the emphasis on naturalistic representation since Fauvism was known for its vibrant, unnatural colors and non-naturalistic expression.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Fauvism movement, started in the early 20th century, was characterized by a radical use of bold colors and strong painterly qualities. The Fauvists used color in an expressive and non-naturalistic way, focusing on the emotional impact rather than accurate representation. They rejected the pastel palette of the Impressionists and sought to distort form for expressive purposes, shedding traditional perspective for a more subjective and emotional rendering of their subject.
Of the options provided, the statement that does not set the Fauves apart from their 19th-century predecessors is D. Emphasis on naturalistic representation. This is because Fauvism was not about naturalism; rather, it emphasized the use of vibrant, unnatural colors for expression, and the representation was anything but naturalistic. The use of color was for the purpose of emotional impact and not to depict the natural world accurately.