Final answer:
Methane (CH4) is the greenhouse gas emitted via agricultural and industrial processes. It is produced by livestock during digestion, decomposition of organic waste in landfills, and the extraction and burning of fossil fuels. Methane has a significant impact on global warming due to its high heat-trapping potential. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The greenhouse gas emitted via agricultural and industrial processes is methane (CH₄). This potent greenhouse gas can be produced during the digestive processes of livestock, by bacteria that break down organic matter under anaerobic conditions in rice paddies, and from the decay of organic waste in landfills. Agriculture is a significant contributor to methane emissions, with livestock being a notable source. Methane is approximately 25 times more effective than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere, significantly impacting global warming. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is another greenhouse gas emitted from agricultural activities, especially through the use of synthetic fertilizers and animal manure.
The industrial processes that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions involve the extraction and burning of fossil fuels that release methane along with carbon dioxide and other pollutants. The melting of oceanic methane clathrates due to rising temperatures also releases methane into the atmosphere, contributing to the potent greenhouse effect. Therefore, while carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas emitted from human activities overall, it is methane (CH₄) that is specifically associated with agricultural and industrial processes, making it the correct answer to the question posed.