Final answer:
Ruth's role at Graham Mailing Services, centered around managing employees and ensuring tasks meet customer specifications without the need for technical skills, categorizes her position in Middle Management.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Ruth was hired as the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services and her primary responsibilities included dealing with employees to ensure that the mailing was done according to the customers' specifications, without being required to manage technical tasks like running machines, her position would be classified as D. Middle Management. This is because her role focuses on supervising employee performance and productivity, commanding respect and authority over operational staff while reporting to higher management. As middle management, Ruth would act as a bridge between the company's senior executives and the front-line employees, implementing strategies and policies set by upper management and ensuring that daily operations align with the organization's goals and standards.