Final answer:
In humanistic psychology, people are believed to have a basic drive toward self-actualization, which is the motivation to realize their fullest potential. This concept is central to the theories of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, who emphasized free will, self-determination, and the innate capacity for self-improvement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Humanistic psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers posit that individuals have an inherent drive towards self-improvement and reaching their utmost capabilities. This is encapsulated in the concept of self-actualization, which stands for the realization of one's full potential. The question regarding what motivates people to reach their maximum potential, according to humanistic psychologists, relates to our fundamental drive toward self-actualization (Answer: A).
Humanistic psychology emerged as a counterpoint to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, emphasizing free will, self-determination, and the positive aspects of human nature. The hierarchy of needs proposed by Maslow is a well-known theory in this domain, which suggests that once basic physiological and safety needs are met, individuals then pursue higher-level needs, culminating in self-actualization. Carl Rogers, another notable humanistic psychologist, contributed significantly with his concepts of self-concept, ideal self, and real self, highlighting the importance of congruence between one's perceived and actual self to achieve a healthy sense of self-worth.