Final answer:
Negotiation is the process used often in politics to resolve conflicts and reach solutions through systematic discussions. It can result in maintaining the current state, reaching compromises, or negotiations collapsing if parties' goals are diametrically opposed. Option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bargaining process that often occurs during confrontation and enables the parties to systematically reach a solution is negotiation (d). In the realm of politics, negotiation plays a critical role in resolving conflicts by providing a structured process through which parties with differing interests can discuss the status quo and potential changes to it. This process can lead to a variety of outcomes such as maintaining the status quo, reaching a compromise, or in some cases, a total breakdown of talks when the parties involved have staunchly opposing viewpoints that cannot be reconciled.
Various tactics such as compromise and negotiated rulemaking are utilized within the political bargaining sphere. Compromise involves each party giving ground on their demands to achieve a consensus that can be acceptable to all involved, which is more likely when the parties share common goals. Negotiated rulemaking involves bringing together stakeholders with the help of neutral advisors or convenors to develop a set of rules or decisions that all can agree on after deliberation and discussion.