Final answer:
Compatibility of individual and group performance goals can be aligned with planning and contribute to organizational success. Sharing a common political culture is not a cause of collective dilemmas, as it suggests agreement among the participants. Goals must be achievable, relevant, and time-bound for effective collective action.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing goals for compatibility of individual and group performance, it is important to recognize that they need not always be in conflict, which refutes option (a) from the provided selection. Instead, they can be aligned (option c) with careful planning and management. Goal compatibility is critical to organizational success, challenging option (b), and evolves over time, suggesting option (d) is also incorrect.
Considering a collective dilemma, it stems from disagreements either on goals or means to achieve them. Therefore, if participants share a common political culture, it's unlikely to be a cause of a collective dilemma because it implies a basic level of agreement and understanding among participants - addressing part of the student's question.
Setting achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals is essential for navigating these complexities and ensuring that individuals and groups can collectively work towards shared outcomes that benefit the organization as a whole.