Final answer:
True (option A), there are two possible sites for neural adaptations during anaerobic training: the central nervous system and the muscle fiber level. Anaerobic training, such as sprinting, causes both neural and muscle adaptations, enhancing strength and power.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neural Adaptations in Anaerobic Training
It is true that there are two possible sites for neural adaptations when performing anaerobic training. Neural adaptations can occur both in the central nervous system and at the level of muscle fibers. In the central nervous system, adaptations include improved firing rates of motor neurons and increased coordination between different muscle groups. Within the muscles themselves, adaptations may include the increased efficiency of the neuromuscular junctions and changes in the types and functions of muscle fiber recruitment.
Strength training and other forms of anaerobic activity can lead to significant improvements in strength and power, partly due to these neural changes. In addition to neural adaptations, anaerobic training such as sprinting, which is considered an anaerobic exercise, leads to specific biochemical and structural muscle changes. These include the formation of more extensive capillary networks, known as angiogenesis, to supply oxygen and remove wastes efficiently.
During anaerobic exercise, muscles primarily rely on glycolysis for energy production, which does not require oxygen. While this process is less efficient in terms of ATP production compared to aerobic respiration, it allows for short, intense bouts of exercise, like sprinting or heavy lifting, where energy demand is high, and oxygen supply is limited. This triggers an increase in muscle endurance, strength, and power capabilities.