Final answer:
To prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS), the ascent to high altitudes should be gradual, allowing the body to acclimatize to the lower oxygen levels. A gradual ascent, proper hydration, and avoiding overexertion are key to avoiding AMS symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS), it is highly recommended that the ascent to high altitudes should be gradual. AMS is a condition that results from acute exposure to high altitudes due to low partial pressure of oxygen. Symptoms of AMS include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and lightheadedness, among others. A rapid ascent increases the risk of developing AMS because the body does not have sufficient time to acclimatize. The acclimatization process allows the body to adjust to the lower oxygen levels gradually by producing more red blood cells to transport oxygen more efficiently.
Acclimatizing includes maintaining proper hydration, avoiding overexertion, and ascending no more than 300-500 meters (1000-1500 feet) per day once above 3000 meters (10,000 feet). If symptoms of AMS appear, the only effective treatment is to descend to a lower altitude as soon as possible. Pharmacologic treatments and supplemental oxygen can alleviate symptoms but do not replace the need to descend.