Final answer:
The correct statement is “C) Encoding is a process that requires attention,” as encoding is the act of processing information into memory, which necessitates focused attention to effectively store information for later retrieval.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that best expresses the relationship between attention and the memory activity of encoding is “C) Encoding is a process that requires attention.” Attention is crucial for the process of encoding, which is the first step in creating new memories. Encoding allows us to take sensory information from our environment and begin to process it into a memorable and retrievable format. This process can occur through both automatic processing, which is generally unconscious, and effortful processing, which requires focused attention.
Research has shown that attention significantly enhances the quality of encoding. Without adequate attention, encoding can fail, leading us to forget details or entire experiences because they were never properly stored in our memory. The importance of attention in encoding is further supported by models like the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, which underscores that memory functions through encoding, storage, and retrieval, and that active attention is imperative during the phase of encoding.