Final answer:
A health complication associated with anorexia nervosa is lanugo, which is a development of fine, soft hair on the body as a response to extreme weight loss and the body's need to conserve heat.
Step-by-step explanation:
A health complication that is associated with patients who have anorexia nervosa is lanugo, which is option A. Lanugo is a term for fine, soft hair that may cover the body, and it is often seen in patients with anorexia as a result of the body's attempt to conserve heat due to the loss of insulating body fat. Other serious consequences of anorexia include osteoporosis (loss of bone mass), bradycardia (abnormally low heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), muscular atrophy, and potential cardiac issues that can lead to heart failure. This extreme form of malnutrition is due to the eating disorder causing individuals to restrict their food intake severely, often accompanied by excessive exercise, leading to dangerously low body weight and a distorted self-perception of being overweight.