Final answer:
In this scenario, Bernard wants to know the chance of having a P plant offspring that matches the phenotype he desires. Punnett square analysis can be used to predict the genotypes of the offspring. By considering the genotypes of the parental plants and using a Punnett square, Bernard can determine the chance of having a P plant offspring with the desired phenotype.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the given scenario, Bernard is looking to determine the chance of having a P plant offspring that matches the phenotype he desires. To predict the genotypes of the F2 generation, Punnett square analysis can be used. According to the information provided, in the P generation, true-breeding pea plants for the dominant yellow phenotype are crossed with plants with the recessive green phenotype. This cross produces F1 heterozygotes with a yellow phenotype.
Now, to determine the chance of having a P plant offspring matching the desired phenotype, Bernard needs to know the genotypes of the parental plants. If both parents have a genotype of YY, there is a 100% chance of having a P plant offspring with the desired phenotype. However, if the genotype of one or both parents is Yy, the chance will depend on the segregation of alleles during gamete formation and fertilization.
By using a Punnett square, Bernard can predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, which will help him determine the chance of having a P plant offspring that matches the desired phenotype.