Final answer:
Heraclius used the theme system to reorganize the Byzantine military by creating territorial divisions focused on local military recruitment, which fostered pride and morale, and evolved into self-sustaining systems. The correct option is 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emperor Heraclius used the theme system to reorganize the military, not the church. This new administrative system was created in order to defend the remaining Byzantine territory more effectively. It involved seizing lands from wealthy landowners and monasteries in Asia Minor to establish new territories called themes, which were focused around military recruitment.
Each theme was controlled by a general appointed by the emperor and soldiers only served in their local theme. This system fostered local pride and morale in the military and allowed Byzantium to withstand foreign enemies more effectively. Moreover, the themes evolved into self-sustaining military systems where soldiers were granted land in return for providing military service and equipping themselves and their sons with weapons, thus relieving the financial burden from the state.