Final answer:
The beginning of the Neolithic era was marked by the development of agriculture, known as the Neolithic Revolution. This era saw humans transitioning to farming, domesticating plants and animals, and forming permanent settlements which enabled the growth of civilizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The beginning of the Neolithic era was defined by a crucial development in human history: the development of agriculture. This transition from hunter-gatherer societies to those based on stationary farming is known as the Neolithic Revolution. It was during this time that humans began domesticating plants and animals, leading to the formation of permanent settlements and the rise of new social and economic systems.
The evidence of this transformation has been found across the world, from cultivation of crops such as pepper and squash in northeastern Mexico around 6500 BCE to the farming of potatoes and manioc in the Andes around 3000 BCE. In contrast, the glaciation of the north and south poles pertains to climatic and environmental changes that predate this period and are not directly related to the advent of agriculture.
The Agrarian Age followed the Neolithic Revolution and led to the emergence of the first civilizations such as Sumer along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This era marked the beginning of a sedentary lifestyle with societies that relied on agriculture, paving the way for developments in social structure, technology, and culture. This agricultural innovation allowed for the feeding of large populations, led to labor specialization, and was crucial in the growth of human civilizations