Final answer:
The role typically involved when the president meets with advisors for foreign policy is the National Security Advisor, who leads the National Security Council and offers direct advice to the president. The Secretary of State also plays a critical role in foreign policy but does not regularly meet with the president in the same capacity as the National Security Advisor.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the president meets with advisors and cabinet members to discuss foreign policy and national security matters, the role typically involved is the National Security Advisor. This position, which does not require Senate approval, heads the National Security Council and serves as one of the president's top advisors. On the other hand, the Secretary of State plays a significant role as the chief diplomat and member of the cabinet, working closely with the president to oversee foreign policy and the Foreign Service. However, the role that directly involves regular meetings with the president for advising on foreign policy is the National Security Advisor.
The Cabinet includes various secretaries, such as the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security, who also have key roles in advising the president on foreign policy matters. Nonetheless, these members typically meet with the president on an individual basis, and their influence depends much on personal relationships rather than formal cabinet meetings, which might be more symbolic. The Chief of Staff heads the White House staff and while being a central figure in the administration, their role is broader and not exclusively focused on foreign policy. Lastly, while the Cabinet Secretary is a role within the UK government, in the context of the US, this term could generally refer to any head of an executive department who is part of the president's cabinet.