Final answer:
ISO relates to the camera's sensitivity to light and influences exposure along with shutter speed and aperture. A wide aperture results in a shallow depth of field, while a small aperture gives a deeper depth of field. A tripod is useful for stabilizing the camera in low light conditions where slower shutter speeds are necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering lighting conditions for photography, the ISO setting determines the camera's sensitivity to light. A lower ISO would be used in well-lit conditions, while a higher ISO would be necessary in lower light to avoid underexposed images. The depth of field (DOF) is directly related to the aperture: a wide-open aperture results in a shallow DOF, making the subject stand out with a blurred background, while a small aperture leads to a greater DOF where more of the scene is in focus.
Slow shutter speeds are generally used in conditions of low light or to capture motion blur, while faster shutter speeds are used to freeze action. If there's too little light, increasing the ISO, using a slower shutter speed, or widening the aperture can help; however, each of these adjustments can affect the image's sharpness, introduce noise, or change the DOF.
Using a tripod can help in low light conditions to stabilize the camera and allow for longer shutter speeds without the blur caused by hand-held camera shake. In manual mode, the photographer adjusts the ISO, shutter speed, and aperture based on their creative goals and the available light to properly expose the photograph. Overexposure and underexposure affect the quality of the image, with overexposed areas losing detail and appearing white, while underexposed images are too dark.