Final answer:
The structures located in the ventricles of the heart are the papillary muscles and the trabeculae carneae. Of the choices provided, only the papillary muscles (option a) are found within the ventricles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structures located in the ventricles of the heart are papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae. Papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium to which the chordae tendineae are attached. They play a crucial role during ventricular contraction by preventing the atrioventricular valves from inverting. The trabeculae carneae are muscular ridges found on the inner surface of the ventricles. As for the options given in the student's question:
- a. Papillary muscles - Yes, they are located in the ventricles.
- b. Fossa ovalis - No, it is found in the interatrial septum.
- c. Ligamentum arteriosum - No, this structure connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and is not within the ventricles.
- d. Pectinate muscles - No, they are found in the atria, not the ventricles.
- e. Pericardium - No, this is the outer layer that surrounds the heart.