Final answer:
The genes that control body weight encode the proteins leptin and ghrelin, which regulate appetite and metabolism.
Genes influencing body weight encode specific proteins, and the correct option is:b) Leptin and ghrelin
Step-by-step explanation:
The genes that help to control body weight encode the proteins leptin and ghrelin. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating appetite and metabolism, which are key factors in maintaining a healthy body weight. Both leptin, which decreases appetite, and ghrelin, which increases it, are essential for energy homeostasis—the balance of calories consumed to calories burned. A disruption in the regulation of these hormones may predispose individuals to obesity, especially when there is an excess of food energy available.
It's important to note that other genes and proteins are also involved in body weight regulation. For instance, insulin, which is critical for controlling blood sugar levels, can also have an influence on body weight. However, based upon the context provided by the question, leptin and ghrelin are the correct answers regarding the specific proteins encoded by genes that help control body weight.