Final answer:
To optimize aerobic capacity, the body can increase plasma volume, and athletes may use EPO and hGH to boost oxygen transport and recovery, respectively. Natural body adaptations during aerobic training also improve the circulatory system's efficiency for prolonged oxygen delivery to maintain efficient aerobic respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
To optimize aerobic capacity, the body increases oxygen delivery and extraction by adding plasma volume among several other physiological adaptions. Endurance athletes, for instance, may enhance oxygen availability to muscles to increase aerobic respiration by using substances like erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the production of red blood cells, thereby carrying more oxygen that can be used in aerobic respiration. Along with EPO, athletes might employ human growth hormone (hGH) to facilitate muscle mass building and promote muscle tissue healing post-exercise, aiding in faster recovery and supporting sustained performance.
In addition to understanding artificial enhancements, it's important to recognize the natural adaptation mechanisms the body employs. During intense exercise leading to oxygen debt, the body must restore ATP and convert lactic acid back into glucose or glycogen, contributing to increased breathing rates post-exercise. Over time, aerobic training can improve the efficiency of the circulatory system, allowing oxygen to be supplied to the muscles for extended periods, essential for maintaining aerobic respiration efficiently.