Final answer:
The formation of our solar system is linked to its motion, chemical, and age properties that any formation theory must explain.
The solar nebula theory, which proposes a collapsing cloud of gas and dust as the origin, is supported by these constraints.
Collisions and the temperature gradient within the nebula were key factors that determined planetary composition and their current distribution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The connection between the formation of our solar system and the characteristic properties of matter that shaped that formation lies in the motion, chemical, and age constraints observed in our solar system.
The theory that the Sun and the planets formed from a giant, spinning cloud of gas and dust, known as the solar nebula, is supported by these constraints.
The motion constraints are observed in the planetary orbits and spin, the chemical constraints refer to the composition and distribution of elements and compounds within the solar system, and the age constraints align with the consensus that the solar system is approximately 4.5 billion years old.
The formation process involved the collapse of the solar nebula under its own gravity, propelling material towards the center and forming the Sun, while leftover material formed other celestial bodies like planets and moons.
This process was influenced by the temperature gradient within the nebula, causing materials to condense in different ways at varying distances from the center.
Observations of other stars and their circumstellar disks help us understand our own solar system's formation, and studying the properties of extrasolar systems and their planets enriches our models further.
Lastly, the role of collisions in the early solar system played a vital part in the accretion of planetesimals and the delivery of volatile compounds, such as water, to the inner planets, including Earth. These collisions were crucial in shaping the final structure and composition of the solar system as we observe it today.