Final answer:
A 'critical (sensitive) period' in development is a time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs are most vulnerable and develop significantly. Missing these periods can lead to developmental issues. This concept is especially important in areas such as sensory input and attachment formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'critical (sensitive) period' in development refers to a specific timeframe during fetal growth when certain parts or organs are particularly vulnerable and undergo key stages of development. For example, studies have shown that if a fetus is exposed to alcohol during a critical day of gestation, it can result in marked facial abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. Similarly, there are sensitive periods for brain development, where exposure to teratogens like alcohol can have significant effects.
Different aspects of development, such as sensorimotor skills and language acquisition, also have their respective critical periods. Notable studies in psychology and neurobiology indicate that there are specific times when the developing brain is optimally ready to receive certain types of sensory input or learn certain skills. If these developmental milestones are not reached within these critical periods, the individual may face challenges in those areas later in life.
Discontinuous development is a perspective in developmental psychology that refers to the view whereby development occurs in distinct stages that are punctuated by significant changes. This view contrasts with theories that suggest development is a smooth, continuous process. Additionally, conditions like disorganized attachment may develop during early childhood if a child does not form secure attachments, often due to experiences of neglect or abuse.