Final answer:
The character of being in agreement with the standards of right conduct is referred to as morality. It encompasses principles that govern ethical behavior and is essential for social harmony.
Step-by-step explanation:
The character of being in agreement with the standards of right conduct is best described as morality. Morality involves a set of codes or principles that guide behavior in a way that is considered right or ethical within a society. It plays a crucial role in how individuals interact with each other and is foundational to social order and cohesion. Moral theories often explore the reasons behind why an action is deemed right or wrong, with some focusing on the consequences of actions, others on adherence to certain moral duties, and yet others on the character of the individual.
Religions may link morality with divine command, and philosophical traditions like those of Aristotle emphasize the development of personal virtues in the context of a political society. In contrast, Mohist ethical theory ties morality to the communal benefits and the practice of benevolence, suggesting morality's intrinsic social nature.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is option 2) morality.